Class: Biologic therapy

Generic Name: Erlotinib (er-LOH-te-nib)
Trade Name: Tarceva™

For what conditions is this drug used? Erlotinib is FDA approved for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer in patients that have been treated with at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. It has also been approved, in combination with the chemotherapy agent Gemzar(R) (gemcitabine),  for the initial treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, or pancreatic cancer that may not be surgically removed. If your doctor has prescribed this drug for a different condition, keep in mind that doctors have the ability to prescribe medication for conditions other than those for which the drug has been approved by the FDA and you should discuss this issue with your doctor.

What is the mechanism of action? Erlotinib is classified as an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor. The epidermal growth factor receptor pathway is involved in regulating growth and replication of a cell. In many cancer cells, this pathway is abnormal and provides continual growth stimulation of a cell. Erlotinib blocks part of the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway so that the cellular growth signals are inhibited.

How is erlotinib given (administered)? Erlotinib is given in the form of a pill and is taken orally, typically once per day.

How are patients monitored? Patients will usually have scheduled meetings with their healthcare provider while being treated with erlotinib. Physical examinations, scans or other measures may be performed to assess side effects and response to therapy. Blood may be drawn to monitor functions of some organs, such as the liver. In addition, patients will have their lungs monitored, as a rare but serious side effect affecting the lungs may occur. If patients experience a sudden shortness of breath, cough and/or fever, they should contact their healthcare provider.

What are the common (occur in 30% or more of patients) side effects of treatment with erlotinib?

  • Fatigue
  • Rash
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea and vomiting

What are the less common (occur in 10% to 29% of patients) side effects of treatment with erlotinib?

  • Loss of appetite
  • Irritation of the eyes
  • Itching
  • Pain in the mouth or throat

What can patients do to help alleviate or prevent discomfort and side effects?

  • Patients should inform their doctors of any side effects.
  • Wear sunscreen and protective clothing; try to minimize sun exposure.
  • Drink plenty of fluid. Patients should ask their physician about the amount of liquid to consume during a day.
  • Maintain adequate rest and nutrition.
  • Eat small meals frequently to help alleviate nausea.

Are there any special precautions patients should be aware of before starting treatment?

  • Patients should tell their physician if they are pregnant, breastfeeding or planning a family in the near future. This drug may cause birth defects. It is important to use some kind of birth control while undergoing treatment. Also, patients may want to talk to their physician if they are considering having children in the future, since some drugs may cause fertility problems.
  • It is important that patients inform their physician of any pre-existing conditions (chicken pox, heart disease, kidney stones, liver disease, lung disease, etc.) as they may worsen with this drug.
  • Patients should let their physician know of any other medication they are taking (whether prescription or over the counter, including vitamins, herbs, etc.) as they may interfere with treatment.
  • If an oral dose is missed, do not double up on doses. Patients should contact their doctor in this event.
  • Keep tablets out of reach of children and return to the pharmacy for safe disposal if treatment is terminated.

When should patients notify their physician?

  • Sudden onset of shortness of breath, cough and/or fever
  • Persistent or extreme diarrhea
  • Persistent or extreme nausea and vomiting

What is a package insert?
A package insert is required by the FDA and contains a summary of the essential scientific information needed for the safe and effective use of the drug for healthcare providers and consumers. A package insert typically includes information regarding specific indications, administration schedules, dosing, side effects, contraindications, results from some clinical trials, chemical structure, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the specific drug. By carefully reviewing the package insert, you will get the most complete and current information about how to safely use this drug. If you do not have the package insert for the drug you are using, your pharmacist or physician may be able to provide you with a copy.

Copyright © 2010 CancerConnect Last updated 07/10.

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